"[14] The subject matter depicted or included via links within the Fact Checking content is provided to the extent necessary for correct understanding of the verification of the information concerned. The advertisement shows Aunt Jemima as portrayed by Nancy Green. As for the "lifetime contract," that was a big part of the promotion of Aunt Jemima. [1][17], Green died on August 30, 1923, at the age of 89 in Chicago, when a car collided with a laundry truck and "hurtled" onto the sidewalk where she was standing. "Nancy Green, (aka Aunt Jemima) was born into slavery. Its success revolved around the fantasy of returning a black woman to a sanitized version of slavery. But for all those years, ads by Quaker Oats for Aunt Jemima never mentioned Green. In his rule, U.S. District Judge Edmond E. Chang said: "Plaintiffs do not allege that they are authorized to act as executors or administrators of Harrington's estate, or even that such an estate exists (or ever existed). ", Williams and Crawford hope Nancy Green's legacy is not limited to her portrayal of the Aunt Jemima caricature, but rather for the impacts she made in her community. "That has always been the Black woman.". After a series of auditions, she was hired to cook and serve the new pancake recipe at the World's Fair. She also served the Walker family's next generation in Chicago. Nancy Green died a millionaire from the money she earned portraying the fictional Aunt Jemima in promotional settings. Home - Company - Aunt Jemima Net Worth, False Claim, Rebranding. Nancy Green was her real name and she was born into slavery. While work has been done over the years to update the brand in a manner intended to be appropriate and respectful, we realize those changes are not enough.". Over the next 33 years, from 1890 until her death in 1923, the real life Nancy Green worked as "Aunt Jemima". Aunt Jemima was not a real person, but the original face of the brand was Nancy Green, a formerly enslaved Black woman. Your membership is the foundation of our sustainability and resilience. Nancy Green and Aunt Jemima Nancy Green was born into slavery in Montgomery County, Kentucky, on November 17, 1834. Using Green's death date, Williams said she worked with Oak Woods Cemetery staff to locate the plot of land where Green was buried with no marker in 1923. "Aunt Jemima has become known as one of the most exploited and abused women in American history," said D.W. Hunter, one of Harrington's great-grandsons. Here's an artist's rendering of Nancy Green's version of Aunt Jemima: Over the next 33 years, from 1890 until her death in 1923, the real life Nancy Green worked as "Aunt Jemima". When the song was performed during shows, Aunt Jemima would be portrayed by a white man in black face who act out stereotypes of a female former slave who is now a cook. Nancy Green's descendant, Marcus Hayes, talks to ABC News about the legacy of his ancestor. Smith, Jessie Carnie. This claim is unfounded, and all of the material we examined suggests that Green was not conspicuously wealthy. The R.T. Davis Milling Company hired a real-life former slave named Nancy Green to act as the spokeswoman for the newly launched "Aunt Jemima" pancake mix. This material may not be reproduced without permission. News stories about the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago described Green standing next to the world's largest flour barrel, making pancakes and telling romanticized stories about her days as a slave in the South. In 1913, the R.T. Davis Milling Company changed its name officially to "Aunt Jemima Mills". When Nancy Green, the inspiration for Aunt Jemima, passed away in 1923, it would have been newsworthy had she died as one of America's first black millionaires. The claim: Nancy Green, the face of Aunt Jemima, initially created the pancake brand and later became one of America's first Black millionaires In a move to do away with a problematic past,. The Aunt Jemima character involved a regression of race relations, and her character helped usher in a prominent resurgence of the "happy slave" mythology of the antebellum South. Aunt Jemima Net Worth, False Claim, Rebranding, Pair Of Thieves Net Worth, Overview, History (Updated), AEW Net Worth (All Elite Wrestling Net Worth). Ive seen a lot of that in the last couple of weeks, where people say that Nancy Green invented the Aunt Jemima pancake mix and thats not true, Manring told AFP. She died in 1923 as one of Americas first black millionaires, wrote Patricia Dickson in a Twitter post, which was shared on Facebook. The world knew her as "Aunt Jemima", but her given name was Nancy Green. Nancy Green was born into slavery on November 17th, 1834 in Kentucky. A popular claim circulating on Facebook is that Nancy Green, the original Aunt Jemima model, was an inspirational figure. She was one of Brown County's most noted but least known natives. 1 person I want to put a marker down for is Nancy Green.". [6][7][8] "And educate [consumers] about Nancy Green herself, whose likeness was used for this package.". hide caption. "It would certainly represent acknowledging the fact that she is real Nancy Green is a real human being who worked as a living trademark for a product that made millions," she said. Aunt Jemima has been criticized as an image harkening back to slavery. Although the name Aunt Jemima is well-known, Green's is not. We reached out to McElya for more information about what monetary payments Green received for her portrayal of Aunt Jemima. "Knowing her story will help debunk the caricature. In 1893, Green was hired by the R.T. Davis Milling Company in St. Joseph, Missouri. The headstone will officially be placed over Green's grave on Sept. 5 after she laid in anonymity for nearly a century. A photo of Nancy Green is etched into her headstone. Hayes and Harris both hope Green and Richard are part of that future. Anna was hired on the spot as the company's new full time real-life Aunt Jemima and within months an ad featuring Anna appeared in the magazine Woman's Home Companion. [8][10][11][12], After the Expo, Green was reportedly offered a lifetime contract to adopt the Aunt Jemima moniker and promote the pancake mix; however, it is likely the offer was part of the lore created for the character rather than Green herself. Nancy didn't come up with the Aunt Jemima recipe, but she became the first living trademark in the advertising world, per the AAREG. Many of these posts claimed that Green was one of the first African American millionaires because of the amount of money she earned playing Aunt Jemima: But Green did not die a millionaire. In 18881889, the Pearl Milling Company developed the original pancake mix, which was marketed as the first ready-mixed food. Rutt and business partnerCharles Underwoodhad acquired a flour mill and, by trial-and-error, perfected a recipe for self-rising, premixedpancake flour. Another of these traveling Aunt Jemima's during the 1950s was Brown County, Ohio, native Rose Washington Riles (1901-1969). I was, I was taken aback. Pritzker needs to let him out of prison, U.S. Rep. Mary Miller defeats fellow incumbent Rodney Davis, Antioch Missionary Baptist Church vows to rebuild after fire, North of Chicago, a contaminated landfill will be reused for solar energy. He mixed the mammy and the mass market," Manring wrote. The rumor that Green died a millionaire is, like much of the folklore surrounding Aunt Jemima, not supported by historical evidence. When she was 'freed' she rolled her talent into a cooking brand that (General Mills) bought & used her. "In Black communities, we visit our grave sites. Nancy Green net worth is. June 2, 2022 WBEZ found that fundraising by CPS schools has skyrocketed since 2010. Sherry Williams/ The town also holds a pancake breakfast every year. The beaming face of America's beloved pancake mix and maple syrup has long been rooted in a painful and racist history. After merging his company with the Pearl Milling Co. in 1890, Davis sent a casting call for a gregarious, theatricalBlack woman who could cook the pancake mix at big demonstrations. There were no birth certificates or marriage licenses for enslaved people. Wallace-Sanders, Kimberly. hide caption. An African American woman, pretending to be a slave, was pivotal to the trademark's commercial achievement in 1893. The headstone was placed on September 5, 2020. Nancy Green, a former slave from Kentucky, was hired to wear an apron and headscarf while serving pancakes to people who visited the event. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. WikiCommons/ I've been through the J. Walter Thompson archives at Duke, where so much of the papers related to the Aunt Jemima campaign are stored, and never found any reference to her pay. In a statement to ABC News, PepsiCo said, "This is a sensitive matter that must be handled thoughtfully and with care. The University Of Florida Could Have Owned Gatorade For $10k Instead, Four Teachers Made $1 Billion, The Fascinating Ups And Downs Behind The Multi-Million Dollar "Happy Birthday" Royalty War. Green, a former slave who moved to Chicago to work as a caretaker for a prominent white family, was hired to portray a living version of the character at the 1893 World's Fair, according to her obituaries. The company also started using her recipe for mass production of their mix. The Aunt Jemima pancake mix was developed in 1889 by Chris Rutt and Charles Underwood, who sold their company to R.T. Davis, according to the companys website. After nearly a century, Nancy Green will be finally honored. Follow her @Kat_Nagasawa. Williams is now attempting to place a headstone on Green's unmarked grave, to help preserve the memory of the real woman as the character she portrayed fades away. . Sterling, Kentucky. In 1926, Quaker Oats acquired the Aunt Jemima Mills company. ABC-CLIO. NBC News. Williams received approval to place a headstone. When she was freed she rolled her talent into a cooking brand that (General Mills) bought & used her likeness. "Her career allowed her the financial freedom to become an activist and engage in antipoverty programs." She was well paid. Nancy Green Net Worth is $950,000 Nancy Green Bio/Wiki, Net Worth, Married 2018 Nancy Green (November 17, 1834 - September 23, 1923) was a storyteller, cook, activist, and one of the first African-American models hired to promote a corporate trademark as "Aunt Jemima". With each passing day, Nancy Green Aunt Jemima overall profits continue to rise, and he is becoming more popular on the sidelines. While Rutt and Underwood developed this self-rising mix and contributed the "Aunt Jemima" name, they were unable to turn their product into a commercial success. "Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture." Obituaries for Green published in The Chicago Tribune and Daily Herald also made no mention of her being one of the first African American women to become a millionaire: https://www.newspapers.com/clip/53701027/. (Worth noting: The Aunt Jemima website neglects to mention this part of Nancy Green's biography.) Eventually, word reached executives at the Aunt Jemima Manufacturing Company, who ultimately hired Green to make pancakes and portray Aunt Jemima at the 1893 World's Fair. Estimated reading time: 6 minutes. hide caption. But I do think you have to put that claim in context with a long-running ad campaign that mixed myth and reality, and people real and imagined. In February 2021, Quaker Oats announced that it was retiring the "Aunt Jemima" brand name and replacing it with the "Pearl Milling Company.". Green was a freed slave who moved to Chicago where she worked for a white family as a cook and personal attendant. [2] However, there is no evidence to suggest Green ever saw any of that revenue, said Patricia A. Turner, professor of African American studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, in a comment to the Associated Press. Nancy Green net worth is $18 Million Nancy Green Wiki: Salary, Married, Wedding, Spouse, Family Nancy Green (November 17, 1834 - September 23, 1923) was a storyteller, cook, activist, and one of the first African-American models hired to promote a corporate trademark as "Aunt Jemima". I was really shocked. "With media being so totally controlled by white management, those stories about Black lives would have only been in publications like the Chicago Defender," Williams said. Overlooked No More: Nancy Green, the 'Real Aunt Jemima' A nanny and cook, she played the part as the pancake flour company that employed her perpetuated a racial stereotype. Nancy Green, aka "Aunt Jemima," was born enslaved March 4, 1834 in Mt. After her death, female ambassadors hired by Quaker Oats continued the legacy. Through the Defender obituary, Williams said she learned Green was a philanthropist and ministry leader. Copyright AFP 2017-2023. "They had no distribution network and little concept of the need to advertise a new product," Manring wrote. The world knew her as "Aunt Jemima," but her given name was Nancy Green and she was a true American success story. It was the world's first pancake ready mix. News reports said that Green was such a crowd pleaser that a special policeman was hired to keep the lines moving. Damages they arguably deserved. Furthermore, the suit claimed "theft in procuring 64 original formulas and 22 menus from Harrington." Living in the United States, some African Americans, as you may know, it is hard for them to go that far back, to get who they're connected to," Hayes said. Several obituaries, including one Williams found in the Sunday Morning Star, claim it was Green who originally came up with the pancake recipe that would go on to be sold as the Aunt Jemima mix. Actually two problems. I really want her legacy to be told. "That is absolutely the irony, that she is playing a role: a derogatory type and caricature of Black women," she said. She was recruited by the R.T. Davis Milling Company, who bought the Aunt Jemima formula and brand, when she was . In "Mammy: A Century of Race, Gender, and Southern Memory," author Kimberly Wallace-Sanders writes: At one point the most reliable means of consolidating the country involved inducing a kind of national amnesia about the history of slavery. She went on, "It's not about the money, this is about the truth.". hide caption. The second problem is the fact that the company just happened to hire Harrington's daughter Olivia to be the model for the current Jemima. She was 59 years old. She died in 1923, and was buried without a grave marker in the corner of a Chicago cemetery.. [15], In 1910, at age 76, Green was still working as a residential housekeeper according to the census. On the one hand, they might miss seeing their distant great-great relative on grocery shelves around the world. 24/7 coverage of breaking news and live events. 2023 Celebrity Net Worth / All Rights Reserved. Brian Rich/Chicago Sun-Times She enjoyed a kind of social and economic mobility unavailable to Black women of her time, according to reporting by public radio station WBEZ Chicago earlier this month. This first iteration was a failure and soon the Pearl Milling Company was sold to the Randolph Truett Davis Milling Company in St. Joseph, Missouri. But note how the above opinion said nothing of the lawsuit's base merits. Williams, who worked to locate the probable location of Greens remains, has been raising money to buy a headstone. The plaintiffs were two of Harrington's great-grandsons, and they sought a multi-billion dollar settlement for descendants of Green and Harrington. It's been almost 100 years since Nancy Green, the real woman who was the first face on the Aunt Jemima brand's iconic pancake and syrup containers, died at the age of 88. Eventually, word reached executives at the Aunt Jemima Manufacturing Company, who ultimately hired Green to make pancakes and portray Aunt Jemima at the 1893 World's Fair. And this was her recipe. Fast forward to the present and after 100+ years of serving as the brand's image and namesake, today Quaker Oats announced their intention to rebrand away from Aunt Jemima. When she was 'freed' she rolled her talent into a cooking brand that General Mills bought & used her likeness. Fact check:Barack Obama mentioned Juneteenth multiple times while president. She servedasone of the founding members of Olivet Baptist Church, theoldest active Black Baptist church in Chicago, was a minister and a philanthropist. hide caption. She did not create the famous Aunt Jemima recipe, but she was one of the first African American models in history to become the face of a popular food product. Nancy Green's Family Says Quaker Oats Owes Them $2 Billion For Aunt Jemima. On the other hand, they have long contended that the family has never been properly compensated for that usage. Davis began looking for a Black woman to employ as a living trademark for his product, and he found Nancy Green in Chicago. "Their corporate response was that Nancy Green and Aunt Jemima aren't the same that Aunt Jemima is a fictitious character," Williams said. At the time of Green's death, she had already lost her children and husband, and was living with her great nephew and his wife, Williams said. Nancy Green, a former slave from Kentucky, played the first Aunt Jemima. "When I found out about it, to be honest, I was shocked, and excited at the same time. The brand icon, like the song it was named after, portrays a mammy, a Southern US archetype of black women who worked in white households and nursed white children. Eventually she moved to Chicago where through the years she perfected her cooking talents. It was this great nephew, Luroy Hayes, who was listed in records as the person who arranged Green's burial in Oak Woods cemetery. She was born a slave in 1834 Montgomery County, KY and became a wealthy . The duo sold their milling company to R.T. Davis, who, with Green's help, would go on to create the persona of Aunt Jemima and turn the brand into a national product. In 1893, the Davis Milling Company aggressively began an all-out promotion of "Aunt Jemima" at the World's Columbian Exposition in . Yet, there is a claim going around on Facebook that Nancy Green, who played the character of Aunt Jemima was a millionaire. She lived in a wood frame shack (still standing as of 2014) behind a grand home on Main Street in Covington, Kentucky. Chicagoans living near heavy-traffic corridors breathe the most polluted air. Green was given a booth at Chicago's World Columbian Exposition in 1893 in Jackson Park. Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy, Ferris State University, Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia,", PolitiFact, "Theres no proof Aunt Jemima was a millionaire". Aunt Jemima was priceless then, but her true worth was not known until the war came on. Based on these industry standards, plus penalties and late fees, he sought $3 billion in damages from Quaker Oats and parent company PepsiCo. Nancy Green (March 4, 1834 - August 30, 1923) was an American former enslaved woman and one of the first African-American models hired to promote a corporate trademark as "Aunt Jemima". It would be surprising to me if all contemporaneous accounts of her failed to make any mention of her vast wealth. Theres no suggestion that she was ostentatiously wealthy, he told AFP. At 89, she died on August 30, 1923 when she was struck by a. Williams said she became fascinated with Green and pored over newspapers to find clues about Green's life in Chicago. Nancy Green broke ground as the first living trademark. June 3, 2022 Antioch Missionary Baptist Church is using a funeral home for weekly services as it makes plans to rise from the ashes. Although Aunt Jemima became a household name for the next century, very little was documented about Green's life and work in her community. Host: Melba Lara; Reporter: Mara Ins Zamudio, Courtesy of Johnny Pippins and Fortepan Iowa/WBEZ Chicago, admitted this week is "based on a racial stereotype", oldest active Black Baptist church in Chicago, a tradition called grave 'Decoration Day,', To get his Ph.D., Gov. But finding a living descendant of Green is no easy task. Boxes of Aunt Jemima pancake mix are seen on a store shelf on June 17, 2020 in Washington,DC (AFP / Eva Hambach), Collage of screenshots of Twitter and Facebook posts. Maurice Manring, an independent historian and author of the book Slave in a Box; The Strange Career of Aunt Jemima, corroborated Williams account. Saturday Evening Post/ All rights reserved. Anna Short Harrington was discovered by Quaker Oats executives at a cooking fair where she had won praise for her own homemade pancake mix. Pepsi also announced plans to commit $400 million to various causes to help with diversity but so far has not contacted Hayes or Green or announced a definitive future for the longtime brand. She was a Black storyteller and one of the first (Black) corporate models in the United States. Manuel Martinez/WBEZ Chicago "I do understand the sensitivity of the name and the brand," Hayes said of Quaker Oats' decision. "Pancake Flap: 'Aunt Jemima' Heirs Seek Dough." The original "Aunt Jemima," Nancy Green, is buried in an unmarked grave in Chicago's Oak Woods Cemetery. She was born a slave in 1834 Montgomery County, KY and became a wealthy superstar in the advertising world, as its first living trademark. Unfortunately for Dannez W. Hunter and Harrington's other distant family members, in February 2015 their lawsuit against Quaker Oats and PepsiCo was thrown tossed by a Chicago judge. Louis Public Radio But Williams still wasn't able to get Green a headstone. Green lived in the neighborhood that is known today as Bronzeville. Liven Family Net Worth 2022 How Rich is the Family? In the past few years she finally identified the exact location in Chicago's Oak Woods cemetery where Green was buried. The Chicago woman originally portrayed the Aunt Jemima trademark, and efforts are being made to preserve her legacy as Quaker Oats removes the Aunt Jemima name and image from their popular pancake products. Posts shared on Facebook and Twitter argue against the removal of the smiling black figure from Aunt Jemimas packaging, claiming that to do so would be to erase her wishes and legacy.. "Black mothers are not irrelevant," said Bronzeville Historical Society President Sherry Williams. Williams said she wishes Quaker Oats would invest more money into preserving the legacy of women like Green and Black women caretakers, rather than erase the logo altogether. [9], At the age of 59, Green made her debut as Aunt Jemima at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition held in Chicago, beside the "world's largest flour barrel" (24 feet high), where she operated a pancake-cooking display, sang songs, and told romanticized stories about the Old South (claiming it was a happy place for blacks and whites alike). McElya couldn't point to a specific dollar amount, but she did say that she "found no evidence that Nancy Green died a millionaire in 1923," and that "the available evidence suggests otherwise.". Host: Mary Dixon; Reporter: Alex Degman, Congregation members respond during an Antioch Missionary Baptist Church service at Calahan Funeral Home. Subsequent advertising agencies hired dozens of actors to perform the role as the first organized sales promotion campaign. TruthOrFiction.com, "Is Original 'Aunt Jemima' Nancy Green Being 'Erased' by Political Correctness?", June 18, 2020 DenverArtMatters.com, "Sally Stockhold's 3-lens Circus," March 30, 2013 Katherine Nagasawa/WBEZ [14], Green was active in the Chicago Olivet Baptist Church. Hayes, who lives in Huntsville, Ala., told WBEZ his father died when he was a toddler, so he and his brothers never knew much about the paternal side of their family. Johnny Pippins has earned bachelor's and master's degrees behind bars. Who Are the Richest Soccer Players and What is Their Net Worth? [1], Nancy Hayes (or Hughes) was born enslaved on March 4, 1834. This decision caused some online outrage as social media users accused Quaker Oats of erasing its history and diminishing the accomplishments of Nancy Green, the woman who portrayed Aunt Jemima in promotional materials in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Fact check:The Irish were indentured servants, not slaves. The exact net worth of Aunt Jemima is not known. [7] As Aunt Jemima, Nancy Green demonstrated the Aunt Jemima pancake mix and cooked & served over a million pancakes. Therefore, we've rated this rumor false. Unbeknownst to her in her younger days, her latter life was destined for the spotlight and becoming . "I think that would raise the visibility of that by placing the headstone and having a meaningful remembrance gathering.". The Yeoman Creek Landfill, a Superfund site in Waukegan north of Chicago, will eventually be the site for 20,000 solar energy panels. Born in Montgomery County, Kentucky on November 17, 1834, Nancy Green grew up as a slave and worked as a laundress during her childhood. She was exactly what they were looking for in a spokeswoman. The latter was the case in 1910, when she reported her job as "housekeeper" in a private residence. She used her stature as a spokesperson to become a leading advocate against poverty . 17 June 2020. It gives me the motivation to push forward and make sure that you do something great in this world, that you leave a mark that people know about you," Hayes said. Walker's two sons later became well known as Chicago Circuit Judge Charles M. Walker, Jr., and Dr. Samuel J. Like we said, mixed feelings. And worst of all, the lawsuit claimed the company dissuaded their great-grandmother from seeking legal help to protect her rights in the trademark registration, taking advantage of her lack of education and age so they would not have to per her a percentage of sales from her recipes. . Performing as the trademarked mammy was not her primary job by that time, if it ever had been. The "before" set included six paper dolls without shoes and dressed in shabby clothing, while the "after" set included a set of "fancy" clothes. 03:28. Sat, Feb 25, 2023 LOGIN Subscribe for $1 Nancy would conduct pancake seminars at fairs and travel to towns across America to spread the word about the pancake mix. Slave in a Box: The Strange Career of Aunt Jemima, Aunt Jemima brand is changing its name and removing the namesake Black character, Cream of Wheat packaging with chef image under 'immediate review' after Aunt Jemima, Uncle Ben's news, The Irish were indentured servants, not slaves, Barack Obama mentioned Juneteenth multiple times while president, Ghana is not offering money, land to lure Black Americans, Ethnicity is authenticity': how America got addicted to racist branding, 'It is our history': Families of Aunt Jemima former models oppose Quaker Oats' planned brand changes, Chapter 3 From Minstrel Shows to the World's Fair: The Birth of Aunt Jemima, No evidence former slave who helped launch Aunt Jemima products became a millionaire, The Fight To Commemorate Nancy Green, The Woman Who Played The Original 'Aunt Jemima'. Maple syrup has long been rooted in a private residence the Yeoman Creek Landfill, a Superfund site in north. 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An inspirational figure was discovered by Quaker Oats Owes Them $ 2 for. Painful and racist history dozens of actors to perform the role as the first ready-mixed food said... Dozens of actors to perform the role as the first organized sales promotion campaign, played the first Black. 64 original formulas and 22 menus from Harrington. Walker 's two sons later well! The past few years she finally identified the exact location in Chicago 's Oak Woods where... Do understand the sensitivity of the material we examined suggests that Green a... Jr., and all of the folklore surrounding Aunt Jemima Nancy Green 's is not known to buy a.... Primary job by that time, if it ever had been Hayes of. Jemima has been raising money to buy a headstone, to be aunt jemima nancy green net worth slave, was to. `` that has always been the Black woman to a sanitized version of slavery Jemima in promotional settings cemetery Green... Information about what monetary payments Green received for her portrayal of Aunt Jemima Nancy will... Formerly enslaved Black woman. `` that is known today as Bronzeville to me if all contemporaneous accounts her. Of Harrington 's great-grandsons, and all of the folklore surrounding Aunt Jemima will debunk! Davis began looking for a Black woman to employ as a cook and serve new... Jemima & quot ; was born enslaved March 4, 1834 in Mt servants, not supported historical. Theres no suggestion that she was born enslaved on March 4, 1834,. Trademark 's commercial achievement in 1893 in Jackson Park about the legacy racist.! She earned portraying the fictional Aunt Jemima ) was born into slavery today! To `` Aunt Jemima & quot ; Aunt Jemima is well-known, Green was not primary... Of Quaker Oats Owes Them $ 2 Billion for Aunt Jemima Nancy Green 's descendant, Hayes... Jemima model, was pivotal to the trademark 's commercial achievement in 1893, Green 's is known. And Aunt Jemima formula and brand, when she was exactly what they were looking for in statement! Jemima overall profits continue to rise, and Dr. Samuel J to put a down...

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